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Absolute
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Used by usually idealists to denote totally what reality exists thought of as a
unitary system.
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Abstraction
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Abstraction refers to universal ideas grasped and appropriated by the mind.
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Absurdity
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Something as against common sense and reason.
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Aesthetics
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Branch of Philosophy related to the aspects of beauty.
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Apriorism
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Refers to the idea that mind in preloaded with ideas and genuine knowledge is possible
without experience.
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Aristotle
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Greek philosopher (384-322 B.C) disciple of Plato.
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Asceticism
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Derived from Greek word meaning self-denial. The view that body is to be denied
pleasure.
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Atheism
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The negation of God.
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Axiology
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A statement for which no proof is required and which occurs as a basis / premise
of many arguments but as the conclusion of none.
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Ability Grouping
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Commonly termed as tracking, this is a type of instructional methodology of grouping
students keeping into consideration their academic abilities in the class. This
permits the teacher to give a common level to tutoring to the entire class.
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Ability Tests
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Standardized tests carried out to assess the overall efficiency of a person mentally.
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Abnormality
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In psychological terms, any mental, emotional, or behavioral activity that deviates
from culturally or scientifically accepted norms.
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Abreaction
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Emotional release or discharge after recalling a painful experience that has been
repressed because it was not consciously tolerable. A therapeutic effect sometimes
occurs through partial or repeated discharge of the painful affect.
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Absentee Management
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In addition to recording and reporting student absences according to their particular
school's rules, teachers can also employ strategies designed to encourage students
to attend class regularly. One approach is to call parents during the evening, as
soon as the student misses a day of school. This call can also be used to arrow
till teacher to get to know the parents better and to collect information to be
used in the preparation of make-up materials for the child.
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Ability Profiles
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Chart or diagram that graphically depicts an individual's score.
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Becoming
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Refers to the events from coming into being and moving out of being. Quality change
in time.
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Being
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The thing underlying appearance man's essence as against his outer appearance.
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Brahma
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Brahma is a creator God in Hinduism.
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Capitalism
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An economic system where means of production are under individuals.
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Cartesianism
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The term refers to all philosophies following assumptions of Rene Descartes.
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Cognition
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Derived from Greek word "Cognitio" which means knowledge. The term applies
to knowing as well as knowledge.
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Cognitive
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Related to cognition, mental process connected with understanding.
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Communism
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Derived from Greek word "communes" meaning common, collective or public.
A social structure in which wealth is put under collective control.
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Character
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Refers to traits such as kindness, industriousness, sympathy, etc. something relatively
permanent as manifest in conduct whether morally good or bad.
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Child centered education
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Education revolving rounds the child.
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Class conflict
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The conflict between haves and have not's.
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Creativity
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Refers to the ability of divergent thinking or open ended thought.
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Culture
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It indicates total values, beliefs, art, scholarship, artifacts etc of a group,
society or a nation.
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Curriculum
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Organized course of study in a school, college or university.
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Decentralization
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Delegation of responsibility by the control authority to the sub ordinates in a
school system.
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Detention
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It is a form of punishment.
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Detention centre
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Refers to a centre where young offenders may be committed by a court.
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Democracy
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From the Greek word "Demos" meaning the people and kart's "to rule".
Literary it means the rule of the people usually by representation.
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Deduction
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The movement form general to a particular proposition or premise
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Discipline
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Refers to teachers classroom control or general restraint of pupil s behavior
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EGO
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From Latin ego means "I" the Individual self
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Egoism
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The doctrine that all of one's actions either are or to be self directed.
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Empathy
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The state of partial identification with the object
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Empiricisms
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Knowledge based on experience, sense data
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Epistemology
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The briny of philosophy concerning theory of knowledge.
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Essence
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The notion of affixed and timeless possibility of existence, derived from Aristotle
by his medieval interpreters
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Eternal
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Non temporal.
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Ethics
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A philosophical investigation into moral's and the distinction between good and
evil.
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Evil
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The opposite of good
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Evolution
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The Progress from simple forms to complex to elaborate systems
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Experience
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Information gained from the senses rather than from reason
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Experiment
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An act in which the researcher controls variables instead of studying a situation
as it exists.
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Fascism
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The name of Italian political organization Founded by Mussolini in 1919.
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Fatalism
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The doctrine that all things happen according to an in execrable fate.
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Feeling
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Any portion of one's awareness characterized by sensation and emotion.
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Fore knowledge
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The doctrine that God has knowledge of the future by virtue of his eternity
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Freewill
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That man is able to choose and act according to the dictates of his own will
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GOD
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An object of religious worship
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Good
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The idea of good or of value, plays a role in all philosophical but primarily in
ethics aesthetics & axiology.
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Grammar
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Science of language, its pronunciation, syntax and inflexion.
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Group Teaching
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Refers to the practice of dividing a class of children into groups by ability, interest
or some other criterion.
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Learning
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Refers to a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of past experience.
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Life Style
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Refers to the way of living closer by an individual as a personal response to the
social and cultural milieu.
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Pacing
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Refers to guidance by teacher so as to increase pupils reading speed.
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Paradigm
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Synonymous with example or model.
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Paragraphia
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Condition wherein writing is characterized by a choice of wrong words or letters.
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Parallel-Forming Reliability
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It is one of the forms of statistical reliability that measures the reliability
between parallel or equivalent forms of the same test.
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Parallel Play
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Parallel play means that all children use the same toys but play side by side rather
than with each other.
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Paramedical Occupations
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Refers to occupations or professions which deal with supporting, supple-menting
and aiding the work of qualified medical personnel.
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Parametic Test
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Test wherein assumptions or estimations are made about a parameter of the population,
e.g., that a variable like intelligence has a normal distribution curve.
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Paranoia
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State of mental disorder characterized by the presence of delusions, particularly
of persecution.
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Paraplegic
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Refers to a person whose lower part of the body are paralyzed.
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Paraprofessional
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Refers to a person who has received minimal training in a profession and works
as an aide for those who are fully qualified.
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Parental Value System
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Refers to an attitudes and beliefs of parents in the social, educational, moral,
political and religious spheres.
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Parent Association
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Association of parents of pupils at a particular school.
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Parenthood Education
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Refers to a training provided to teen agers to be good parents teaching them about
child development and by putting them in close contact with young children.
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Pareto Optimum
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It is the best strategy in a non - zero sum game for maximizing the total wins
of all the players.
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Party of Esteem
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Refers to belief that different types of school enjoy equal status in eyes of teacher,
pupils and public.
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Partial Correlation
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Statistical technique used for examining the relationship between two variables
whilst holding the effects of a third variable constant.
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Pastoral Role
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Those aspects of the role of the teacher in which he is concerned with care, counseling
and guidance.
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Paternalism
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Management's style that is a blend of authoritarianism and the provision of extensive
welfare facilities.
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Paterson Method
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Method of job evaluation. The method .assumes that all jobs can be analyzed by the
degree of decision-making involved in job.
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Pathology
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It deals with the study of abnormal conditions; particularly in medicine, the study
of disease, its cause and effects.
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Pathway Scheme
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Course unit plan where the student can choose different routes through the choice
of units.
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Pattern Drill
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In language teaching refers to an oral exercise that makes use of basic or model
utterances.
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Patterned Responses
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Desired response cued by making use of various organizations of stimuli.
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Pattern Variables
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Polarities in the role of the teacher, e.g., between involvement and detachment,
specific and diffuse aims.
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Pedagogical Role
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Refers to specific type of pupil perform classroom.
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Pedagogy
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It is the science of teaching.
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Percentile Rank
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Refers to the position of an individual score expressed as a percentile.
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Perception
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Process whereby the individual organizes and makes sense of his sensory experience.
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Perceptual Defence
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means not seeing what one wish to see as a preventing personality, values etc.
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Perceptual Skills
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These are the abilities in the process of perception, e.g .. Perception, skills
in distinguishing vowels and consonants.
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