Absolute

Used by usually idealists to denote totally what reality exists thought of as a unitary system.

Abstraction

Abstraction refers to universal ideas grasped and appropriated by the mind.

Absurdity

Something as against common sense and reason.

Aesthetics

Branch of Philosophy related to the aspects of beauty.

Apriorism

Refers to the idea that mind in preloaded with ideas and genuine knowledge is possible without experience.

Aristotle

Greek philosopher (384-322 B.C) disciple of Plato. 

Asceticism

Derived from Greek word meaning self-denial. The view that body is to be denied pleasure.

Atheism

The negation of God.

Axiology

A statement for which no proof is required and which occurs as a basis / premise of many arguments but as the conclusion of none.

Ability Grouping

Commonly termed as tracking, this is a type of instructional methodology of grouping students keeping into consideration their academic abilities in the class. This permits the teacher to give a common level to tutoring to the entire class.

Ability Tests

Standardized tests carried out to assess the overall efficiency of a person mentally.

Abnormality

In psychological terms, any mental, emotional, or behavioral activity that deviates from culturally or scientifically accepted norms.

Abreaction

Emotional release or discharge after recalling a painful experience that has been repressed because it was not consciously tolerable. A therapeutic effect sometimes occurs through partial or repeated discharge of the painful affect.

Absentee Management

In addition to recording and reporting student absences according to their particular school's rules, teachers can also employ strategies designed to encourage students to attend class regularly. One approach is to call parents during the evening, as soon as the student misses a day of school. This call can also be used to arrow till teacher to get to know the parents better and to collect information to be used in the preparation of make-up materials for the child.

Ability Profiles

Chart or diagram that graphically depicts an individual's score.

Becoming

Refers to the events from coming into being and moving out of being. Quality change in time.

Being

The thing underlying appearance man's essence as against his outer appearance.

Brahma

Brahma is a creator God in Hinduism.

Capitalism

An economic system where means of production are under individuals.

Cartesianism

The term refers to all philosophies following assumptions of Rene Descartes.

Cognition

Derived from Greek word "Cognitio" which means knowledge. The term applies to knowing as well as knowledge.

Cognitive

Related to cognition, mental process connected with understanding.

Communism

Derived from Greek word "communes" meaning common, collective or public. A social structure in which wealth is put under collective control.

Character

Refers to traits such as kindness, industriousness, sympathy, etc. something relatively permanent as manifest in conduct whether morally good or bad.

Child centered education

Education revolving rounds the child.

Class conflict

The conflict between haves and have not's.

Creativity

Refers to the ability of divergent thinking or open ended thought.

Culture

It indicates total values, beliefs, art, scholarship, artifacts etc of a group, society or a nation.

Curriculum

Organized course of study in a school, college or university.

Decentralization

Delegation of responsibility by the control authority to the sub ordinates in a school system.

Detention

It is a form of punishment.

Detention centre

Refers to a centre where young offenders may be committed by a court.

 

Democracy

 

From the Greek word "Demos" meaning the people and kart's "to rule". Literary it means the rule of the people usually by representation.

Deduction

The movement form general to a particular proposition or premise

Discipline

Refers to teachers classroom control or general restraint of pupil s behavior

EGO

From Latin ego means "I" the Individual self

Egoism

The doctrine that all of one's actions either are or to be self directed.

Empathy

The state of partial identification with the object

Empiricisms

Knowledge based on experience, sense data

Epistemology

The briny of philosophy concerning theory of knowledge.

Essence

The notion of affixed and timeless possibility of existence, derived from Aristotle by his medieval interpreters

Eternal

Non temporal.

Ethics

A philosophical investigation into moral's and the distinction between good and evil.

Evil

The opposite of good

Evolution

The Progress from simple forms to complex to elaborate systems

Experience

Information gained from the senses rather than from reason

Experiment

An act in which the researcher controls variables instead of studying a situation as it exists. 

Fascism

The name of Italian political organization Founded by Mussolini in 1919.

Fatalism

The doctrine that all things happen according to an in execrable fate.

Feeling

Any portion of one's awareness characterized by sensation and emotion.

Fore knowledge

The doctrine that God has knowledge of the future by virtue of his eternity

Freewill

That man is able to choose and act according to the dictates of his own will

GOD

An object of religious worship

Good

The idea of good or of value, plays a role in all philosophical but primarily in ethics aesthetics & axiology.

Grammar

Science of language, its pronunciation, syntax and inflexion.

Group Teaching

Refers to the practice of dividing a class of children into groups by ability, interest or some other criterion.

Learning

Refers to a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of past experience.

Life Style

Refers to the way of living closer by an individual as a personal response to the social and cultural milieu.

Pacing

Refers to guidance by teacher so as to increase pupils reading speed.

Paradigm

Synonymous with example or model.

Paragraphia

Condition wherein writing is characterized by a choice of wrong words or letters.

Parallel-Forming Reliability

It is one of the forms of statistical reliability that measures the reliability between parallel or equivalent forms of the same test.

Parallel Play

Parallel play means that all children use the same toys but play side by side rather than with each other.

Paramedical Occupations

Refers to occupations or professions which deal with supporting, supple-menting and aiding the work of qualified medical personnel.

Parametic Test

Test wherein assumptions or estimations are made about a parameter of the population, e.g., that a variable like intelligence has a normal distribution curve.

Paranoia

State of mental disorder characterized by the presence of delusions, particularly of persecution.

Paraplegic

Refers to a person whose lower part of the body are paralyzed.

Paraprofessional

Refers to a ­person who has received minimal training in a profession and works as an aide for those who are fully qualified.

Parental Value System

Refers to an attitudes and beliefs of parents in the social, educational, moral, political and religious spheres.

Parent Association

Association of parents of pupils at a particular school.

Parenthood Education

Refers to a training provided to teen agers to be good parents teaching them about child development and by putting them in close contact with young children.

Pareto Optimum

It is the best strategy in a non - zero sum ­game for maximizing the total wins of all the players.

Party of Esteem

Refers to belief that different types of school enjoy equal status in eyes of teacher, pupils and public.

Partial Correlation

Statistical technique used for examining the relationship between two variables whilst holding the effects of a third variable constant.

Pastoral Role

Those aspects of the role of the teacher in which he is concerned with care, counseling and guidance.

Paternalism

Management's style that is a blend of authoritarianism and the provision of extensive welfare facilities.

Paterson Method

Method of job evaluation. The method .assumes that all jobs can be analyzed by the degree of decision-making involved in job.

Pathology

It deals with the study of abnormal conditions; particularly in medicine, the study of disease, its cause and effects.

Pathway Scheme

Course unit plan where the student can choose different routes through the choice of units.

Pattern Drill

In language teaching refers to an oral exercise that makes use of basic or model utterances.

Patterned Responses

Desired response cued by making use of various organizations of stimuli.

Pattern Variables

Polarities in the role of the teacher, e.g., between involvement and detachment, specific and diffuse aims.

Pedagogical Role

Refers to specific type of pupil perform classroom.

Pedagogy

It is the science of teaching_.

Percentile Rank

Refers to the position of an individual score expressed as a percentile.

Perception

Process whereby the individual organizes and makes sense of his sensory experience.

Perceptual Defence

means not seeing what one wish to see as a preventing personality, values etc.

Perceptual Skills

These are the abilities in the process of perception, e.g .. Perception, skills in distinguishing vowels and consonants.